Caco-2 Cells Catalogue Number: 300137

Caco-2 Cells: A Versatile In Vitro Model for Intestinal Barrier and Absorption Studies

Caco-2 cells are widely recognized as a sophisticated in vitro model for the human intestinal barrier, thanks to their ability to differentiate into a monolayer resembling the enterocytes of the small intestine. When cultured on tissue culture filter inserts with polycarbonate membranes, these cells undergo spontaneous differentiation, developing microvilli, enzymes, and transporters that closely mimic the features and functions of the intestinal epithelium in vivo.

Derived from a human colorectal adenocarcinoma patient, Caco-2 cells are especially valuable in intestinal absorption studies. Their ability to develop high transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) values indicates robust tight junctions and a functional epithelial barrier. These attributes make Caco-2 cells indispensable for assays such as cholesterol efflux analysis, cellular transport studies involving lipid nanoparticles, and protein interaction investigations.

In pharmacological research, Caco-2 cells are instrumental in simulating the intestinal barrier to evaluate oral drug absorption. By modeling intestinal enterocytes, they allow researchers to predict how substances traverse the intestinal mucosa, aiding in the pharmacokinetic profiling of oral medications. Moreover, they play a key role in exploring intestinal cholesterol uptake, transport, and homeostasis, which are critical for understanding lipid metabolism and related disorders.

Beyond absorption studies, Caco-2 cells are integral to colon carcinoma and toxicology research. They provide insights into the biliary pathway, xenobiotic metabolism in the colon, and mechanisms underlying gastrointestinal diseases. This versatility has solidified Caco-2 cells as a cornerstone for studying intestinal biology, drug delivery, and toxicological processes.